Sociocultural transformations: types, models, boundaries. Modern problems of science and education Classical concepts of sociocultural dynamics

Sociocultural approach to the problems of social variability of society

2. Scientific status and heuristic potential of the sociocultural approach to general change.

1. Processes (70s to this day):

The mass perception of general progress is changing. The theory of development - the theory of mass changes - the theory of crisis - the theory of catastrophe.

Transformation of people's values ​​and needs (from materialistic to post-mothers)

The main thing is self-realization and self-expression. practices of narcissism. culture of hedonism. Fukuyama - "big gap"

The new individualism is selfishness, the use of the other, each one positions himself. -

Post-communist transformations of the late 80s - early 90s (we have)

From t.z. sociocultural approach society is a sociocultural space that functions as a multidimensional field in which social structures and actors act in interaction. Society is created by interacting individuals, their practices, but at the same time society as a space has a systemic quality, a property. Systemic quality - social institutions, the state, morality. Ob-va is a constant dynamic. Society is created by interactions, practices, connections. Society has a systematic quality

2. Features of the sociological approach:

universalism, allows you to explain the different elements of the general device. Culture-sov-t reperzentative KSK, values ​​Sociality-sov-t of all relationships and interactions of social subjects.

In the center of attention is an active person, the subject of action

· The goal is to reveal the essential values ​​and ethical characteristics of social subjects. - define the context.

Positive aspects of the approach:

Restores ideas about society as a complex socio-th object, in which there is a historically accumulated program, which the society implements.

Allows you to identify the sociological limitations of the cat are present in every society.

Reveals the sociocultural nature of society

The sociological approach focuses on deep, historically formed and stable value structures that set the objective boundaries of transformation

Explains the variety of manifestations of different social processes in different socio-historical processes.

Cons of the SC approach:

The diagnostics of the type of community and the limits of its possible transformations is limited.

Within the framework of the SC approach, the main concept that describes the state of society's variability is transformation

The idea of ​​tnas-ii: non-linearity, instability, instability, conflict.

Sociocultural transformations: types, models, boundaries

1. Transformation of society as a phase cycle in a non-linear process of self-organization

2. Forms and transformation factors. processes

3. Models of resolution of transformations. stresses

(1) Transformation - mutually stimulating models of social action on the one hand, and the functioning of social institutions on the other.

Transformational analysis takes into account 2 interrelated aspects of transformation:

Institutional component (formal institutions)

Procedural component (change of action models)

Institute - all the deep structures of sociality (values, beliefs, norms). This is a system of game rules, restrictions that direct our actions in the direction.

Institutional changes are possible with the implementation of these institutions in the social. practices.

Models of social action are modes of action typical of large social communities, which are regulated according to values ​​and norms, and are characterized by the use of a certain ensemble of capitals.

Transformation is a process of constant competition of forces with an open ending, a cat. always contextually limited.

The idea of ​​nonlinear dynamics is a synergetic approach (70s Prigogine).

The essence of the synergetic approach to society is that society is understood as an open, complex system. When it is in a state of entropy (disorder), fluctuating movements (random deviations) occur in different parts of society as a system. They directed looking for ways to maintain the system.

The main source of development is the opposite, the contradiction of chaos and order.

During the evolutionary phase, dynamic balance is maintained, changes are smooth. Feature: the trajectory of movement near the equilibrium points (coherence of the main subsystems). The system strives for orderliness (a state of homeostasis).

Homeostasis noun. due to the system of social control = institutions.

T. is a variant of bifurcation development. T - high mobility of systemic properties.

Transformation is a process associated with fast social. changes in the systemic qualities of society as a response to the depletion (threat) of resources in a particular area of ​​development.

Transformation changes the institutional landscape of society. Transformation - problematization, reconfiguration of social practices. Rejection of the former systemic properties, society's exit to a multitude of possible variations of development. The system loses its legitimacy - the withdrawal of society.

The system is moving away from stability. states in 2 ways:

Soft (after the loss of a stable system, the system gently, smoothly transitions to a new state. Evolutionary change. Possible if the system has not exhausted its adaptive capabilities. The most adaptive system with soft social control. Examples: Western society in the 2nd half of the 20th century Shift from materialism to postmater.)

Rigid (a sharp departure from the past state to a new one. The growth of contradictions in the system. The collapse of the system, the past logic of development does not go away completely. Example: the collapse of the USSR.)

Transfer changes, their nature depend on what efforts these changes require from people for adaptation. On the success of the transfer influences the level of motivation of social subjects. The presence of negative motivation is an indicator of a crisis.

In a situation of hard care, the likelihood of a socio-cult is high. transformer tensions (mass problematization of the values ​​and norms dominant in society, which form the ethical basis of basic social institutions. Disordered reorientation to other different values ​​and norms => institutional crisis).

Transfer source tensions - the erosion of the "traditional" society. The main source of concern is the mass media (J. Alexander)

(3) Transformer Resolution Models voltage:

Ideocratization model (bringing social practices in line with the requirements of the ideological doctrine)

Ethical-institutional compromise (adaptation of ideological doctrine to real-existing practices, while excluding from practices those elements that contradict the introduced doctrine principles)

Doctrinal adjustment (changing some ideological attitudes in accordance with real social practices (modern China))

Ethical segmentation (ideology and real social practices implemented on qualitatively different moral and ethical grounds)

Basic principles of transformation. analysis:

In trans. society is dominated by the state of decomposition (society develops its own logic of development in specific subsystems). Society is looking for ways to reach agreement, this is the main task.

In trans. society is dominated by processes of self-organization, non-linear processes. The process of forming the structures of society, which. arises spontaneously, manifests itself in a constant spasmodic movement. The decisive role in the process of self-organization is the capabilities of the system itself (chances). Institutional forms cannot be constructed. They develop as a result of the interaction of everyday social practices and introduced institutions. All this originated. in specific historical conditions.

In the dynamics of the transformer societies can be implemented multiple options for the development of social relations. Variations: cultural constraints that are built into the very system of society. Counter-trends on the part of society as an alternative. The nature of the institutional. environment and calls of the external environment in relation to the system.

In the understanding of the transformer. society is important to analyze the social effects that arise as a result of the interaction of introduced institutions. and real models of social action. One of the most observed effects is the state of the institutional. duality (real practices turn out to be different than those declared by formal institutions).

The processes of social transformation are unpredictable: in their percent. there are multiple social actors.

Post-Communist Transformations: Vectors and Contents

1. Societal characteristics of the transformed society

2. Stages of post-communist transformation in Ukraine (subjects and features)

3. Results of the post-communist transformation

(1) Socio-cultural transformations - transformations of values.

Changing the societal type of society:

2 approaches: -modernization, transformation

Societal - values. We are interested in a transformational approach, the socio-cultural emphasis is on changing the values ​​of society and, consequently, institutions

The phenomenon of socio-cultural transformation in Ukraine:

Change in public consciousness: individualization (from communitarian practices to individual ones), transition from value-rational values ​​to rational goals, marginalization of consciousness

Restructuring of Ukrainian society

The emergence of a new social subjectivity

To analyze a transformational society, Zaslavskaya suggests taking into account 3 societal characteristics:

1) The effectiveness of the institutional system

2) The quality of the social group structure

3) The level of human potential of society (development potential)

institutional system- a system of game rules that regulates the life of actors

Institutions are man-made bounding boxes that organize relationships between people.

Functions of the institute. systems: -stabilizing (directed action in society); - adaptive function; - innovative (creating favorable conditions for change and reform); -integration (socialization)

The task of institutions is to ensure the dominance of effective forms of social activity of actors

For transformed societies, the dual institutionalization hypothesis

Golovakha: the institutional space of Ukraine is a conglomerate of old Soviet institutions and new liberal democratic ones. Institutional production of Ukraine is a dynamic system in restructuring. Institutional production - the field of interaction between the authorities and social actors regarding the implementation of the rules for the functioning of society

The formal rules of the game are not taken into account. Ukrainian society - informal

1. Theory of institutional matrices by S. Kirdina

The theory of development of path dependence. Fundamentally, society cannot be changed.

2. Theory of "rules and resources". Society can be changed if the rules are changed, but they must be included in society. Implementing new rules is difficult.

The essence of the theory:

Informal rules are institutions (customs, habits, mass patterns of behavior)

The new introduced rules are the result of rational choice. New rules established by subjects. If the rules do not contradict the old rules, they are fixed in the legal field, at the level of the law.

Only resource-intensive subjects (polit + social + economy) can initiate new rules

In Ukraine - anomie

The quality of the social group structure

The way the team is organized. How statuses are propagated. Ideally, the requirements for the social group structure: -relative equality of opportunities for citizens; -meritocratic principle of distribution of income and benefits (more complex work is paid more): -relative freedom of choice of personal trajectories of social mobility should be ensured

The level of human potential of society

Human potential is a holistic characteristic that reflects the life abilities of society. This is an indicator of socially significant qualities of citizens: demographic structure, level of education, value structure

2001 - 48 million 416 thousand

Reduction by 300 thousand people per year

Steady trend of depopulation in Ukraine. The decrease in the population in Ukraine is due to the excess of deaths over births. Old age has a feminine face. Average life expectancy: w - 74.3 m - 62.5

In general, 68 years. The lowest in the Zhytomyr region, the highest in Kyiv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk. 3 years of independence – epidemic of tuberculosis + AIDS. Ukraine - the average level of development.

Socio-economic component reflects the level of qualification, professionalism from economically active citizens. Reflects the demand for their work by society, the employment structure, the level of citizens' requests for rights and freedoms, the level of social protection, the chances of success in life, solvency

Ukraine is characterized by:

The meritocratic principle is violated

Sharp population polarization

The value of professional work is falling

High social differentiation

35/1 income

It is not absolute poverty that prevails, but subjective poverty.

Relative poverty - 78% (feeling of poverty compared to someone, subjective attitude). Beggars - 14.7%. The poor live on $ 4 a day, and the poor on $ 2

The poor: the unemployed, low-paid workers, vagabonds and homeless people, the disabled, under-sevens headed by a woman

Features of Ukrainian poverty:

Low standard of living in general (by 12 times)

Poverty among the working population and educated people

Psychological rejection of economic inequality

Extremely high level of subjective poverty

Regional poverty (Luhansk region - the highest level of poverty, the lowest - Kyiv)

Subculture of poverty:

Lack of life plans and self-confidence

Subordinate position of a woman to herself and early sex

Priority of the present over the future

tendency to deviate

Increased aggressiveness, anger, cult of strength and equality

Propensity for adventurous and risky ventures

Blaming others for your own troubles

Specific understanding of success (orientation to material things)

Sociocultural aspect of human potential

Significant features of the mentality of citizens (type of value consciousness, features of beliefs and beliefs, attitude to the law, level of morality, motivation)

According to the results of a European social survey (they analyzed the change in values), the average Ukrainian is infantile, obsessed with material values ​​and unable to enjoy life. He is conservative.

2. The main stages of post-communist transformations in Ukraine (according to Golovakha):

1) The stage of post-communist development 1991-1992.

Political course for the development of a market economy;

Consolidation of the Society in Support of Independent Ukraine

The public consciousness is dominated by political values. pluralism and market economy.

2) Stage of post-communist regression 1995-1998.

Course towards the development of a market economy;

The emergence of polit. forces that gravitate towards the restoration of the Soviet Union; - The CPU is the main oppositionist

The Communist Party begins to claim power. High support.

Value orientation communist. the past, which actively compete with public values;

The accusation of the existing government in the mass impoverishment of the people.

3) At the beginning of the 21st century, new processes are observed in post-communist transformations:

Economic growth against the backdrop of privatization processes;

The former communist elite becomes the new ruling stratum through massive privatization of mass property;

Democratic values ​​are proclaimed as development priorities:

§ power is based on the principle of separation of powers,

§ observance of human rights.

§ equality of all before the law,

Contradictions immediately arise:

Power and property were in the hands of a narrow group of people, therefore, power and business are closely related to each other.

Serious income gap between the upper layer and the main part of the population;

Closing social mobility channels.

Power institutions turned out to be taken out of public control. Widespread use of administrative resources, manipulation of media resources. The narrowing of the social base of power. The emasculation of democracy.

In general, the order turned out to be conservative, not aimed at development, aimed at preservation.

This was until 2004 - the "Orange Revolution". It has a pronounced nationalistic character. The main consequence is the establishment of democracy, the beginning of civil society, freedom of choice, a new historical memory. The purpose of the revolution is the formation of the Ukrainian political nation. Yushchenko gave preference to a narrow ethnic model of the nation. "Donbass" - "civil nation without citizens."

Today - the position of re-Sovietization.

Consequences of this:

Ukraine loses a chance for real modernization

Stereotype "Zp - Sun"

Path of political isolation

The current stage of Ukraine's transformation is creeping re-Sovietization.

Transformations in the post-Soviet space took place because:

There was a departure from the command-administrative system of relations (mainly in the economy)

Overcoming the bifurcation phase of the 1990s

There were social rules in social spheres;

Unstable democracy, etc.

More pronounced system of identifications

Contradictions of transformation:

1) Uncompetitive social and economic environment.

Infrastructure development;

Efficiency of the labor market;

Health level;

The level of education;

Quality of power and management;

Society quality. and polit. institutions.

2) There is no solidarity of the society, no social capital of society, no national idea. The national idea should be based on pragmatism.

3) The contradictory profile of the social environment, the social structure of the society, the subjects of transformations (the new elite of the 90s), the intelligentsia, which forms the middle class, the rest of the society, those who lost as a result of the transformation, uneducated, representatives of the mass professions.

Kuzmicheva O.V.

Samara

Transformation of socio-cultural space within the framework of the economic system

In everyday life, social space undergoes various kinds of changes. However, being the object of study mainly of sociological sciences, social space is defined as the relationship of social subjects, as an area of ​​interaction of social roles, statuses.

At the present stage of development of the socio-economic formation, there is a need to study and analyze the social space from interdisciplinary positions, due to the growing influence on all spheres of society. This approach was outlined by Shulus A.A., who pointed to the participation of the social sphere in the economy, politics, and culture. The interconnection of these spheres gives a variety of relations: socio-economic, socio-political, and socio-cultural.

Each of the presented spheres of interaction with the social space can be considered individually. The socio-cultural space is actively influenced by a number of external and internal factors, under the influence of which it is formed. Internal factors are: natural factors, economic factors, social factors, cultural factors, individual and personal characteristics of a person. External factors are: the process of globalization, the factor of the information revolution, the cultural diversity of the world.

In general terms, the transformation of the socio-cultural space is understood as significant changes in the functioning of social institutions, social groups, as well as the system of relations between individuals, under the influence of new, transformed social norms, cultural and other values. In addition, changes in the quality and volume of services provided by social institutions and the ability of the population to use these services are taken into account. [ 2 ]

The basic characteristics of modern society are susceptibility to innovation, a powerful potential for self-development and responsibility. In particular, a fairly large part of society is characterized by a sense of personal responsibility. More than half of the population of the region, answering the question to what extent the improvement of life depends on you, expressed their readiness to design personal life strategies under their own responsibility.

A characteristic feature of transformation, despite the fact that it can be controlled, is spontaneity. The driving force, as a rule, becomes an active group of the population, with their inherent interests. Being in interaction, individuals form systems of connections in the sociocultural space. By studying and using these connections, the population is able to accelerate or slow down the development of the economy. In every space, communication systems act as a resource for the formation of social capital.

The influence of the features of the transformation of the socio-cultural space is becoming relevant against the backdrop of economic and social instability. In the theory and practice of modernization processes, the sociocultural factor acts as a kind of basis that largely forms the basis of transformations, including economic ones.

The transformation of the socio-cultural space is inextricably linked with the transformations in the economy, where the impact of the global financial and economic crisis is especially acute. Also, the deep socio-economic differentiation of regions negatively affects the quality and availability of cultural goods. Problems in the real sector of the economy led to changes in the labor market. Due to the reduction in production, mass layoffs began, sending workers on administrative leave, and reducing wage rates. Unemployment, the disproportionately widening gap between wealth and poverty, corruption, the low quality of life of the bulk of the population - all this characterizes not only the level of material well-being, but also the culture in the country.

The transformation of the social structure of society is characterized by very contradictory processes, such as a large-scale concentration of production, on the one hand, and a lag in the development of medium and small businesses, on the other; formation of high-tech production and raw material orientation of production. That is, the socio-cultural transformation of society is determined by the need to develop in the unity of its socio-economic, scientific, technical and cultural components, which ensures the integrity of the modernization process.

Most of the approaches to the concept of modernization formulated by Russian researchers, in particular VG Fedotova, reveal it precisely as a sociocultural process.

The most difficult from the theoretical and practical points of view is the search for an effective combination in the process of modernization of universal guidelines, with cultural factors specific for each region that determine the direction of development.

World experience shows that the degree of success of modernization is directly determined by the level of development of the social environment, the prevailing values ​​in it, its susceptibility to the processes of improving existing or introducing new technologies, products and services, implementing new principles for organizing economic life, new models and management mechanisms, etc. d. Obtaining relevant information is possible by conducting research on the socio-cultural potential of the population of the territory.

The absence in the Strategies of socio-economic development of a description of the socio-cultural integration of its constituent entities significantly narrows the corridor of real opportunities for reforming the regional economy.In an environment of general tension, people tend to unite to overcome it. Residents are united not only by difficulties of a financial nature, but also by sympathy for those whose social status has been shaken, and internal anxiety in connection with the aggravation of regional problems and the threat to the future of the territory. In this way, shared experiences reinforced the sense of regional cohesion.

Theoretically significant disclosure of the relationship of external economic factors of the globalization of the socio-cultural space. Russia in the territorial context is characterized by a strong uneven economic development. This unevenness is largely determined by the availability of natural resources, the existing infrastructure, climate indicators, and other objective factors that largely determine the level of economic development of the regions.

Taking into account the specifics of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, two development scenarios are possible for our country: a positive one, during which human society receives certain benefits (both material and spiritual), and a negative one, in which negative trends are clearly seen for a person.

Trends in the development of Russia's sociocultural space in the context of globalization can be divided into two groups. The first is the tendencies based on the acceptance of traditional socio-cultural models of behavior, generally recognized spiritual and material values ​​of culture within the boundaries of a spatially defined society. The second group of tendencies is the strengthening of the denial of traditions, the predominant orientation towards Western patterns, norms and models of sociocultural behavior, in an extreme form, the Americanization of the modern sociocultural space of Russia. Overcoming and mitigating the separation of these groups of trends is an urgent problem of state cultural policy and the task of the activities of bodies that carry out the functions of social management of the development of the Russian sociocultural space.

Market institutions cannot serve as sufficiently effective, let alone universal regulators of social relations, especially in the socio-cultural sphere. An urgent need is to develop an institutional framework for the development of the socio-cultural space of Russia, which would ensure the priority of the spiritual content of cultural works and limit the exorbitant focus of cultural organizations and institutions on commerce and profit maximization.

In order to remain among the main actors of globalization, it is necessary to stabilize economic growth trends by wisely investing money received from natural resources in innovation. It is also important how effectively the leadership uses the natural advantages of the regions and the available factors of production, or, on the contrary, how effectively it makes up for the lack of these advantages through some of its own unique initiatives.

Besides, it is necessary to invest in human capital, which is the intellectual potential of the entire state as a whole, because it is knowledge that allows you to create modern information products and competently apply them in practice.

In the management system of the socio-cultural space, in cultural policy, it is necessary to focus on renewal and innovation, which includes: financial support for cultural institutions, promotion of cultural values ​​to Russian society, in particular to young people.

Given the complexity and multidimensionality of sociocultural development, further research is needed on the sociocultural specifics and modernization potential in order to develop more specific proposals for choosing the most relevant innovative technologies.

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Today, hardly anyone will doubt that the last decades of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century have become a unique period in the history of mankind, a period of changing eras and the formation of a fundamentally new type of society. Indeed, just four decades ago, a number of futurologists (D. Bell, D. Riesman, O. Toffler, A. Touraine, etc.) began to predict the entry of the most developed countries into a qualitatively new stage of social development associated with the development of information and communication technologies. After 20-30 years, most of the events they predicted came true, and today they have significantly surpassed many forecasts.

At the same time, technological changes are accompanied by the transformation of all spheres of public life and the social nature of social relations. In fact, today we are witnessing a radical change in the sociocultural paradigm. The problem is that socio-humanitarian knowledge in this situation clearly lags behind the knowledge of natural science and technology. Today, there are a number of phenomena, for the understanding of which in modern sociological and philosophical knowledge there are neither definitions nor adequate models. Every day we come face to face with events and phenomena that destroy all the usual ideas about the social structure. The new sociocultural model that is taking shape before our eyes with each of its elements - communication and behavioral schemes, methods of acquiring, interpreting and transmitting knowledge, schemes of rationality, forms of everyday practices, the type of perception and "construction" of reality - differs sharply from the world in which we still lived a few years ago. The differences are so great that the emerging “new world” no longer fits, “does not fit” into any of the existing schemes for explaining reality. And the speed of technological and socio-cultural changes is such that new theoretical models being created lose their relevance within a few years. As a result, the emerging new society exists according to new laws, not yet fixed in theoretical concepts, which determines the relevance of research in this area.

Understanding such a situation, which is characterized by the simultaneous transformation of both the technological and social spheres of sociocultural life, is impossible through the efforts of individual sciences and requires a transdisciplinary approach. The dialogue between philosophy and the sphere of information technology is gaining the greatest relevance.

At the same time, a holistic deep understanding of modern socio-cultural reality is impossible at the level of individual phenomena and spheres of socio-cultural life - technological, communicative, everyday, etc. In all these cases, we are talking about a superstructure, a surface layer of culture, which is based on certain fundamental foundations and is determined by them. .

The current socio-cultural stage is transitional, dramatic and difficult for Russian culture. This situation in the history of Russian culture is characterized primarily by the confrontation between authoritarian and democratic principles. Each concept, moving to an initially alien soil for it, acquires a new meaning. Therefore, in Russia there can be no democracy in the Western version: our history considers an authoritarian system justified. The latter is much better suited to our socio-cultural conditions, the mentality of our citizens.

For Russian citizens now the most important task is to determine the future goal of being. Either society remains in the shadow of paternalism, and the troubled times are replaced by modernized authoritarianism, or anarchy continues to rampage. Historical experience shows that, as a rule, the first option always won. Any country should make a historical choice based on the conditions of its existence, cultural traditions, and not blindly copy alien cultural patterns.

At the moment, creative freedom and lack of freedom are in a stable and irreconcilable confrontation. The problem of choice became relevant in this situation: either to follow a dangerous path, the road of deprivation, unexpected turns, or to follow the old path. Paradoxical as it may seem, modern culture connects the incompatible. "Hand in hand" go together collectivism and individualism, anti-Western sentiments and the desire to reunite with world civilization. Recently, many cultural figures are trying to find a way out of the crisis. This phenomenon is increasingly embracing modern domestic culture, despite spiritual freedoms, democratic reforms and publicity. Many creative people dream of state guardianship and funding. Paternalism, as a rule, guaranteed guardianship over talents. It is convenient with this ideology: society has a clear idea of ​​​​the goal and is confident in the future.

Of course, any guardianship of culture develops into its planning. First there will be social orders, and then strict control will begin. But, on the other hand, it removes any responsibility. Illusions that the state can become different are too naive and have no basis. If the state allows itself to “unscrew the nuts”, then the situation may get out of control, which in this situation may be the death of Russian statehood.

Many researchers are inclined to think that no matter how difficult the situation may be, culture will find potential in itself and survive. We remind you that culture is not a homogeneous formation, but a synthesis of subcultures: mass, elite and popular. Nothing can suppress the germs of true culture in our society. Despite the fact that the mass culture of the West has flooded the Russian market, colonization of Russia will not happen. This will only serve as a powerful impetus for the development of new potentials.

The fact is that the socio-cultural organism reacts to the invasion of alien cultural elements in the same way: the reaction of cultural rejection begins. All signs of the postmodern modern era are aimed at connecting the irreconcilable. Russian culture most likely synthesizes elements of various cultures in its body: it will not remain Americanized. The comprehension of postmodernism in the Russian version may drag on for another ten years. And under the most fantastic circumstances, we can get authoritarianism in the mildest version, and not an unsuccessful example of democracy stylized as a Western one.

It can be argued that most often the driving force of socio-cultural transformations is the element of culture, which at a given moment of time has the greatest dynamics of development. Today, such an influencing element is technology and technology, or rather, the emergence and widespread dissemination of the latest means of communication. It can be argued that three technological "breakthroughs" have defined the face of today's world:

Creation of the global Internet (as an information space),

Development of the Web 2.0 Internet resource design standard and the emergence of social networks (as a communication space and a space for universal creativity),

The article is devoted to the analysis of globalization, which defines a new social paradigm of sociocultural development, creates fundamentally different conditions that determine and develop social relations, and therefore is one of the determining causes of sociocultural changes taking place in the present period. A distinctive feature of the new period of human development is the global crisis that has seized all spheres of public life. The article argues that it was initiated by many factors, but mainly by the modern processes of globalization that are growing in social life. It can be stated that at present, under the influence of globalization, which has a multifactorial character, sociocultural transformations are taking place. According to the authors, modern civilization is a transforming system, and globalization, as a complex process, reforms and changes all components of social life: sociocultural norms and boundaries are being blurred, new structures and elements of the social system are emerging, many spheres of sociocultural life are becoming more and more intertwined, a global sociocultural space, an integral world system.

globalization

sociocultural transformations

culture

synergy

non-linear development

self-organization processes

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The social consequences of globalization are considered in different ways in modern philosophy: as “the world of fluid modernity”, “the era of new uncertainty”, “the elusive world”, “the end of the familiar world”. Globalization is not so much a change in the movement of people and things as a way of identifying events and phenomena by participants in the world system. In its most general form, globalization is understood as a process that leads to a comprehensive, worldwide linking of structures, institutions and cultures. According to the famous English sociologist R. Robertson, the global cannot be opposed to the local, the universal cannot be opposed to the particular. The local is an aspect of globalization, the global creates the local. Globalization has an institutional character. Traditional activities that are characteristic of local societies are disappearing, and other activities that are far from these local contexts are taking their place. Therefore, Robertson proposes to replace the term "globalization" with "glocalization" for greater accuracy. It is made up of two words - "globalization" and "localization" - to emphasize their mutual implementation at the present time.

Acting as a megatrend, globalization initiates fundamental changes in society. Rapid, numerous and rather deep transformations in every area of ​​social life contribute to significant socio-cultural shifts. An increasingly clear tendency to blur the lines between traditional cultures, their “dissolution” into more significant and developed in political, economic and socio-cultural aspects “universals”, which have become, despite the preserved titular historical name, in fact, supranational units. At the same time, the absolute homogeneity of humanity is fundamentally unattainable. On the contrary, maintaining a certain level of its diversity is a necessity for preserving such a significant source of development - a certain degree of social conflict potential, as well as for its existence as a sustainable system. Thus, gradually humanity creates an integral system of social relations that overcome spatial boundaries. Moreover, local transformations are due to the impact of events occurring at a considerable distance. Conversely, factors of local coverage can cause irreversible global consequences.

Transformations in the social sphere are especially acute, since they concern the life of any person, modify the social structure of society, its existential-spatial order. As is known, the overwhelming majority of real systems in the world are open, complex, self-organizing, which are characterized by non-linearity of ongoing development processes and dissipativity. The openness of systems determines the flows of processes of various properties that generate the dynamic structure of the world. Obeying the laws of non-linear synthesis, globalization has an impact on the direction of the processes of self-organization in culture, initiated by the transformations of society and given parameters.

From the position of non-linear thinking, it is possible to correlate the actual course of subsequent events with the potential course of events in the presence of an alternative key solution, since synergetics makes it possible to understand the deep irreversibility of development, given its multivariance, historical retrospectiveness and perspectiveness. The probabilistic nature of the development of culture as an open non-linear system is enhanced under the influence of emergent transformations of the direction of socio-cultural processes. The term "emergence" was introduced by L. von Bertalanffy and means the emergence (from emerge - appear) of new, unexpected properties of the system in comparison with its elements. Changes appear when nonlinearity plays the role of a kind of "stimulator" of fluctuations, that is, it increases various kinds of disagreements; changes the threshold sensitivity, initiates the evolutionary discreteness of the system. Due to non-equilibrium, fluctuations multiply, upsetting the old structure of the system and including it in the transition stage. Actually, this opens up many opportunities for culture to move to another state. It should be noted that these development scenarios can be very different from each other, and the prospects for certain cultures in the context of globalization are not only expanding, but also significantly narrowing. The scale of emergent effects from non-linear socio-cultural dynamics is constantly increasing, social systems are increasingly losing stability, deviating from equilibrium. An important sign of these changes was the awareness of global threats and the processes of globalization causing them, as well as the creation of a "global human life" and the corresponding global consciousness, culture and lifestyle of an increasing number of the planet's inhabitants.

The fundamental principle of the behavior of nonlinear systems is based on the periodic alternation of evolutionary and involutionary phases, expansion and contraction, potential explosions of activity, changes in periods of saturation, attenuation and weakening of processes, centripetalism, integration and centrifugality, disintegration and even partial disintegration. As a result, the integration dominant of the globalization process is the intensive development of information and communication technologies, the expansion of interactions between countries and civilizations, the internationalization of the financial and economic sphere. All this deepens the trends of differentiation and diversification. In accordance with this, the processes of interaction of cultures in the world are determined by various attractors that are not predetermined in advance.

The coexistence of multidirectional tendencies of integration and differentiation characterizes the contradictory nature of the globalization process. It can be considered as a complex form of integrity, when the indicated duality is present on the basis of the complementarity principle and manifests itself both at the global and local levels. Any culture and ethnos, in its own way and in its own rhythm, enter into global processes, while maintaining general social and specifically local cultural identity.

A sign of self-development of culture is the development of new forms. The processes of globalization form in many respects a new environment for the development of modern cultures, as a result of which today ethnic (traditional) cultures are not free from borrowings. Violation of the openness of the system, the cessation of the influx of new information leads to dissipation. The isolation of the whole society leads to stagnation and degradation. The openness of the system determines its development, which is associated with a deepening of non-equilibrium, which leads to an increase in the number and depth of instabilities, the number of bifurcations. Any complex organizations at the moment of aggravation of processes (near the moment of maximum, culminating development) show internal variability to small perturbations, and are in danger of disintegration. The balance of nonlinearity and dissipation can ensure the stability of structures. The more complete and complex the system, the more opportunities it has to maintain stability and its integrity. Ideally, there should be no extremes, because a strong nonlinear interaction or excessive dissipativity destroys the structure.

In the context of globalization, the modern socio-cultural situation acquires the character of non-linearity, which is expressed in the rejection of traditions, the dominance of the innovative layer in culture. Actually, the violation of the balance between traditions and innovations indicates the entry of culture into a phase of crisis and corresponds to the laws of cyclical dynamics. HE. Astafieva writes that the development of culture “acquires a special logic of movement, in which the system does not lose its essential features, although the process of its development loses its “manifested coherence” .

In order for globalization processes to become possible, leading to the achievement of civilizational synthesis while maintaining the diversity of peoples and cultures, a new paradigm for the development of mankind, a qualitative transformation of the system of values ​​and cultural practices is needed.

In the new paradigm, the concept of completeness should replace the concept of integrity. In a living open system, completeness is unattainable, and the plasticity characteristic of integrity is necessary. Without this it is impossible to reconcile the processes of isolation and interdependence of the components of the modern world, it is impossible to combine the inseparability of the whole and the independence of the parts. In a rigid structure, unity leads to totalitarianism.

In the non-linear world, there are a number of socio-cultural contradictions. In the course of the development of the world market, specialization and the international division of labor deepen, needs are aligned; the influence of democratic principles is growing; information becomes widely available, new forms of communication are fixed; social indicators are being improved in many regions, and considerable opportunities for choosing life strategies are being identified. But at the same time, the global economy is becoming less stable, interdependent and vulnerable; the gap in the economic and social sphere between developed and developing countries is growing; migration flows are increasing, transnational corporations are strengthening their economic and political influence on various states; the problems of interaction between the state and civil society institutions are deepening; the spread of mass culture threatens cultural diversity. In addition, all this is exacerbated by the growing environmental crisis. The strengthening of transnational dimensions leads to the fact that the unique cultural and semantic space and the existential world of man become less in demand. Many regions and states are starting to build similar historical vectors, similar landmarks in socio-economic and political development, unifying and standardizing human life. Often, global processes in traditional cultures are implemented in very aggressive forms. The more indisputable in this sense is the movement of peoples and cultures to search for their identity and originality. The spiritual sphere of being is less subject to the trend of globalization. HE. Astafyeva believes that "the national-cultural mentality and artistic and aesthetic activity retain their essence, remaining channels for the manifestation of cultural originality, through which national self-consciousness and attitude are expressed" .

Obviously, it is the maintenance of the diversity of cultural forms and practices that determines the parameters of sociocultural development. One of the modern points of view is that in order to resolve the conflict situation, it is necessary to put into practice the idea of ​​a multipolar community of countries, peoples and cultures, as opposed to its mirror version - "confrontational polycentrism". Mankind can unite based on the coordination of interests and the interpenetration of the values ​​of the currently coexisting technogenic and traditional societies. Of paramount importance here is the idea of ​​a dialogue of cultures, which manifests itself in the search for the new without destroying the old, in conjunction with the other, in the desire for mutual understanding and recognition of the equivalence of both cultures.

Reviewers:

Baklanov I.S., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Faculty of History, Philosophy and Arts of the Humanitarian Institute, FSAEI HPE "North Caucasus Federal University", Stavropol;

Goncharov V.N., Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of History, Philosophy and Arts of the Humanitarian Institute, FSAEI HPE "North Caucasus Federal University", Stavropol.

The work was received by the editors on April 10, 2015.

Bibliographic link

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. Socio-philosophical foundations for the study of everyday life

§ 1 Everyday life as a social phenomenon and category of social philosophy

§ 2 The structure of everyday life in the interpretations of Western and Russian philosophical thought

CHAPTER 2. The world of everyday life in the reflection of everyday knowledge

§ 1 Ontology of everyday existence: socio-cultural space-time of everyday life

§ 2 Everyday experience as practical knowledge

§ 3 Transformation of everyday life in the context of informatization and globalization

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Transformation of the socio-cultural space of everyday life in socio-philosophical reflection"

Dissertation conclusion on the topic "Social Philosophy", Pravovskaya, Nadezhda Ivanovna

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